Cutting-edge ovarian cancer studies have unveiled molecular targets and biomarkers critical for improving diagnosis and therapy. Research highlights include identification of laminin α5 and EDA fibronectin as key players in high-grade serous ovarian cancer progression. Additionally, investigations into lactylation risk signatures and SLC4A11 have provided novel insights into tumor biology and therapeutic response modulation. These findings pave the way for enhanced personalized treatments and prognostic assessments in ovarian cancer.