Recent studies unveiled significant insights into brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases: Researchers showed nuanced layer-specific cortical aging patterns in mice and humans. A new molecular tool targeting mitochondrial activity reversed cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia mouse models. Studies found aberrant RNA splicing mechanisms activating ALS/FTD disease genes and identified novel biomarkers and pathways relevant for multiple neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.