Groundbreaking studies shed new light on neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Yale researchers demonstrated early GABA brain biomarkers outperforming traditional indicators in Parkinson’s disease detection. Novel diagnostic tools based on skin biopsies assess synucleinopathies. Nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogens promote neuroplasticity absent immediate gene activation, potentially opening new treatments for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Artificial intelligence accelerates neuroplasticity and connectivity studies. Furthermore, molecular investigations trace immune signaling changes relevant to Alzheimer’s and other brain pathologies, underscoring emerging personalized neurotherapeutics.