Continued breakthroughs in neuroscience reveal molecular pathways impacting brain health and disease. Studies indicate that the enzyme USP13 protects male hearts by stabilizing STAT1, with implications for hypertrophic growth. New insights connect blood metabolites and immune cells to urolithiasis risk, while research highlights posttranslational modifications affecting Parkinson’s disease progression. Advanced imaging and optoproteomics shed light on brain tumor growth patterns and protein spatial organization, advancing therapeutic strategies.