Groundbreaking research reveals the brain retains stable cortical body maps even after limb amputation, challenging previous assumptions about neural plasticity. Studies elucidate the role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area 46 as a central hub for emotional regulation in marmosets. Advanced imaging and deep learning detect neonatal brain lesions, while novel insights uncover hemoglobin’s antioxidant role within the brain combating oxidative stress. These findings deepen understanding of brain structure-function relationships and offer therapeutic avenues.