Emerging research uncovers intricate connections in neurological and metabolic diseases. Studies identify accelerated biological aging markers in pediatric multiple sclerosis patients, offering new perspectives on disease progression. Research on gestational diabetes links maternal metabolic states with children’s emotional and behavioral health. Novel technology enables rapid generation of human microglia-like cells for brain disease modeling, while new findings shed light on human metabolic complexity revealed through an extensive catalog of N-acyl lipids influenced by diet and the microbiome. These investigations provide deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and potential intervention points.