Recent breakthroughs illuminate pivotal mechanisms and potential therapies targeting neurodegenerative disorders. Harvard Medical School researchers demonstrated reversal of Alzheimer's pathology and memory restoration in mice using a lithium-based compound that evades amyloid binding, underscoring lithium deficiency's role in disease onset. Parallel investigations highlight microglia as critical regulators of prenatal neurogenesis and neuropathology. Novel antibody transport vesicles targeting the transferrin receptor have shown enhanced brain delivery with reduced side effects, improving anti-amyloid immunotherapy efficacy. These findings collectively advance understanding and therapeutic strategies for devastating neurological diseases.