Pediatric research yields new insights into disease mechanisms and treatments. Automated EEG analysis offers early outcome predictions for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Studies explore ethanol exposure risks in neonatal medication excipients, balancing therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Investigations into early biomarkers for persistent pulmonary hypertension and challenges in combining corticosteroids for premature infant lung disease highlight emerging strategies. Research into genetic and epigenetic influences on childhood diseases further informs precision interventions in neonatology and pediatric oncology.