Emerging research in neonatal and pediatric care highlights innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches from molecular to clinical levels. Key studies include precision neonatology improving retinopathy of prematurity care, high-speed video microscopy for pediatric ciliary disorders, functional echocardiography for neonatal shock assessment, and real-time risk prediction of acute kidney injury in hospitalized children. These advances promise to enhance early intervention, prognostication, and outcomes in vulnerable young populations.