Nature Medicine retracted a randomized phase 3 study claiming time-of-day immunochemotherapy improves outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer, citing multiple problems and lack of editorial confidence in results. The paper, “Time-of-day immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial” (LungTIME-C01), reported a treatment threshold at 3 p.m. that appeared to drive improved progression-free and overall survival when early cycles were administered before that time. Following investigation, Nature said editors identified issues substantial enough that they no longer have confidence in the integrity of the trial results, with prior protocol inconsistencies and unusual efficacy and safety patterns among the stated concerns. For biotech and clinical decision-making, the retraction is a direct reminder that practice-changing claims require robust verification, especially when trial design details and effect patterns deviate from established immunotherapy expectations.