Researchers at Chiba University reported a cationic nanogel‑based intranasal therapeutic vaccine that targets HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and slowed tumor growth in preclinical models. The formulation—cCHP‑E7 combined with the adjuvant c‑di‑AMP—induced E7‑specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in cervicovaginal tissue in mice and macaques and produced durable mucosal immune responses. The study appears in Science Translational Medicine and includes data from macaque dosing with a human‑compatible nasal spray device showing sustained E7‑specific cytotoxic T cells four months post‑vaccination. Authors Rika Nakahashi‑Ouchida and Hiromi Mori emphasize the vaccine’s potential to treat established HPV infections and HPV‑driven neoplasia—an unmet need beyond prophylactic vaccines. Key translational questions include scale‑up of cCHP manufacturing, human mucosal immunogenicity, and regulatory pathway for a therapeutic mucosal cancer vaccine. If validated clinically, this platform could offer a fertility‑sparing alternative to surgery in cervical cancer care.