Researchers presented nanovaccine platforms engineered to prime immune responses against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), detailing antigen delivery, adjuvant selection and tumor‑site activation strategies in preclinical models. The paper reviewing nanovaccines for HCC highlights improved antigen presentation and T‑cell infiltration in treated models and discusses combinatorial approaches with checkpoint inhibitors. The term “nanovaccine” refers to nanoparticle formulations that deliver tumor antigens and immunostimulatory agents to enhance anticancer immunity.