Researchers reported nanovaccine platforms designed to stimulate anti‑tumor immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nanovaccines package tumor antigens and adjuvants into nanoparticle carriers that enhance antigen presentation and T‑cell priming in preclinical models. Early data emphasize improved immune activation within the liver’s immunosuppressive milieu and point to combination potential with checkpoint inhibitors. For context: nanovaccines use engineered nanoparticles to deliver antigen and immune‑stimulatory signals more efficiently than conventional formulations, aiming to generate stronger, tumor‑directed immune responses.