A team unveiled nanovaccine platforms designed to elicit immune responses against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nanoparticle formulations target tumor antigens and deliver immune‑stimulatory payloads, producing robust anti‑tumor activity in preclinical models. Authors reported improved antigen presentation and T‑cell priming versus conventional vaccine approaches. The work positions nanovaccines as a next‑generation immunotherapy modality for HCC, where checkpoint inhibitors have had limited efficacy for some patient subsets.