Researchers reported engineered nanovaccine platforms aimed at hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy, describing design features that improve antigen presentation and immune stimulation in preclinical models. The work outlines nanoparticle formulations tailored to break tumor immune tolerance in HCC. Authors emphasized nanocarrier composition, antigen payload, and adjuvant selection as levers to enhance tumor‑specific T‑cell responses. The study positions nanovaccines as a modular approach for HCC and suggests pathways for combining with checkpoint inhibitors or loco‑regional therapies in clinical development.