Recent advances in nanotechnology have produced innovative drug delivery platforms for targeted cancer therapy. Researchers developed poly-L-histidine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for site-specific delivery of doxorubicin, enhancing efficacy and reducing systemic toxicity. Additionally, a self-amplifying reactive oxygen species nanoplatform has shown promise in tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy, amplifying therapeutic effects with improved precision. These breakthroughs signify ongoing evolution of nanoscale materials in oncology, seeking to optimize treatment outcomes through enhanced targeting and controlled release mechanisms.