Two independent advances target core limitations of mRNA therapeutics: an MIT team designed degradable cyclic amino ionizable lipids that, in mice, delivered an influenza mRNA vaccine at roughly 1/100 the dose needed with current materials while matching immune responses. The LNP—AMG1541—improves endosomal escape and biodegradability in preclinical models. Separately, a systematic screen identified RNA sequence elements that enhance stability and translation of base‑modified mRNA, offering a route to more durable, lower‑dose mRNA therapeutics. The RNA elements were reported in Nature Biotechnology and could complement improved delivery vehicles to reduce cost and toxicity. Both findings are preclinical; developers caution that translation to human vaccines and therapeutics requires safety validation, scaled manufacturing and regulatory assessment, but together they signal pathways to lower per‑dose cost and broader global access.