Multiple teams reported that mRNA Covid‑19 vaccination given near the time of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy correlated with improved outcomes in advanced cancer patients. MD Anderson presented retrospective data at ESMO showing enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers after recent mRNA vaccination; a separate University of Florida analysis observed longer survival in patients who received an mRNA vaccine within 100 days of starting immunotherapy. Researchers suggest vaccine‑triggered immune activation could augment antitumor responses, though prospective trials are needed to confirm causality and optimize timing. Oncologists and trialists will consider vaccination history when interpreting immunotherapy outcomes and designing future studies.