Researchers from MD Anderson reported at ESMO and in retrospective analyses that patients with advanced lung or skin cancers who received an mRNA Covid vaccine within 100 days of starting immune checkpoint inhibitors lived longer than unvaccinated counterparts. The findings suggest vaccine‑triggered immune activation may augment checkpoint blockade in some patients. MD Anderson presented dataset comparisons showing survival differences in patients receiving vaccines near the start of immunotherapy. Investigators cautioned the results are observational and require prospective validation, but the signal prompted interest at the ESMO meeting and raises questions about sequencing vaccines and cancer immunotherapy in clinical practice.