Researchers at the University of Osaka and Baylor College of Medicine reported an mRNA therapy that restored sperm production and fertility in mouse models carrying genetic defects. The preclinical PNAS study showed restoration of spermatogenesis and functional fertility after targeted mRNA delivery. Separately, the University of Osaka team mapped a molecular pathway that activates sperm motility, identifying targets that could be harnessed to treat motility‑based infertility. Together, the two studies describe complementary therapeutic strategies—one addressing sperm production, the other motility—that could inform translational programs for male infertility.