A new study reports that the RNA m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 helps lung tumors evade immunotherapy by suppressing CCL5-driven CD8+ T-cell recruitment in lung adenocarcinoma. The work identifies an m5C-YBX1-HDAC8 axis and shows that targeting NSUN2 can synergize with anti-PD-1 therapy in mouse models. By linking RNA modification machinery to chemokine control and T-cell infiltration, the findings broaden the actionable biology behind checkpoint responsiveness beyond PD-1 itself. The snippet does not specify whether the NSUN2 inhibition strategy translates to clinically feasible modalities, but it emphasizes preclinical synergy. For translational efforts, the immediate question is whether NSUN2 pathway biomarkers can stratify patients and whether inhibition can be safely delivered at sufficient target engagement. —