A transplant-focused diagnostic concept centers on urine CXCL10 measurement to detect rejection and infection one year after transplantation. The underlying premise is that immune-cell recruitment into renal tissue drives secretion of signaling proteins small enough to pass into urine. The report frames the approach as a “diagnostic window” using easily accessible samples, targeting the clinical need to distinguish complications without relying only on invasive or symptom-driven workups. If validated in broader cohorts, urine chemokine readouts could support more timely risk stratification in long-term transplant management.