Recent studies have unveiled key genetic and molecular mechanisms across a range of diseases. Whole exome sequencing linked FANCM mutations to estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer in Hispanic/Latina women, exposing new vulnerabilities. STN1 has been identified as a molecular driver of pancreatic cancer metastasis. The GATOR1 complex is revealed as a tumor suppressor in Myc-driven lymphoma via CRISPR screens. Meanwhile, discoveries in molecular neuroscience highlight the role of m6A epigenetic modifications in prostate cancer progression and the identification of SLC45A4 as a neuronal polyamine transporter pain gene. These findings expand the therapeutic landscape with novel molecular targets and deepen the understanding of disease pathogenesis.