MIT researchers developed a new class of degradable cyclic amino ionizable lipids and screened formulations to identify AMG1541, an LNP that achieved equivalent immune responses to FDA‑approved mRNA LNPs at roughly one‑hundredth the dose in mouse influenza vaccine studies. The work was published in Nature Nanotechnology. The team designed cyclic structures to enhance endosomal escape and incorporated biodegradability to reduce toxicity. Lead author Daniel Anderson and colleagues said the approach could lower manufacturing costs, reduce reactogenicity, and improve global vaccine access if translated to humans. Translational hurdles remain — including scaling chemistry, safety profiling in larger animals, and regulatory expectations — but the result positions delivery innovation as a central lever to reduce mRNA dose, cost and side‑effect risk.