Johns Hopkins University researchers have uncovered over 200 types of misfolded proteins potentially linked to age-related cognitive decline, expanding Alzheimer's disease research beyond the traditional amyloid-beta and tau proteins. Using limited proteolysis mass spectrometry (LiP-MS), the team identified cognition-associated structural changes in proteins from a rat model, revealing widespread protein misfolding that impacts brain function. The findings, published in Science Advances, highlight new avenues for therapeutic target discovery relevant to patients over 65 with Alzheimer's, dementia, or related disorders.