Recent studies have intensified scrutiny on micro- and nanoplastics, revealing their infiltration into human blood and terrestrial ecosystems. Researchers have responded to critiques of micro- and nanoplastic detection methods, refined quantification approaches using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and highlighted the influence of polystyrene standards on environmental sample accuracy. Investigations also identify tire wear particles and microplastics distribution in soils, while initiatives like the Lancet Countdown aim to systematically track plastic pollution's health risks globally. These advancements underscore the challenges and urgency of accurately assessing microplastic impacts on health and ecology.