Emerging studies highlight the pervasive infiltration of micro- and nanoplastics in human biological systems and the environment, prompting concerns over health implications. Researchers employ advanced analytical techniques including pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect and quantify these particles in human blood and diverse environmental matrices. Ongoing debates and methodological validations address challenges of accurate identification and potential toxicity, suggesting a critical need for regulatory and public health attention.