Environmental science reveals alarming insights into microplastic pollution. Recent research discovered mechanisms of microplastic ascent through wheat roots and novel extraction techniques from soil. AI models enhance detection of microplastics in freshwater systems. Health studies note microplastics in human feces and blood, raising concerns about exposure routes and physiological impacts, particularly on lung and gut cells. Enhanced analytical methods such as NMR and automated µFTIR are advancing microplastic quantification, supporting environmental monitoring and policy.