New research using germ-free mouse models demonstrates a causal relationship between altered gut microbiota and fibromyalgia-like chronic pain. Fecal microbiome transplants from fibromyalgia patients induced increased sensitivity to mechanical, thermal, and cold stimuli in mice, while microbiota from healthy donors alleviated pain responses. These findings, published in Neuron, suggest microbial dysbiosis plays a driving role in fibromyalgia pathogenesis, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.