Cutting-edge research links microbiome composition and environmental chemical monitoring to health outcomes. Studies reveal gut microbiota's influence on cardiac health in breast cancer patients, emphasizing Bacteroides abundance as a risk factor for chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, large-scale analyses expose significant deficiencies in environmental chemical monitoring in U.S. surface waters, threatening accurate ecological risk assessment and biodiversity. Advanced isotopic analyses trace strontium exposure near oil and gas extraction sites, illuminating prenatal environmental impacts. These findings highlight complex interactions between environment, microbiota, and human health with implications for preventive medicine and regulatory policies.