Recent studies have elucidated how gut and microbial flora influence neurodegenerative and chronic pain conditions. Research implicates specific Desulfovibrio bacterial strains in Parkinson’s-related neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplants from fibromyalgia patients induced chronic pain behaviors in germ-free mice, establishing a causative gut microbiome role. These findings open novel therapeutic avenues targeting microbiota to manage complex neurological syndromes.