Research uncovers the key role of desmocollin 2 in Epstein–Barr virus epithelial cell entry, advancing understanding of EBV-related malignancies. Novel insights reveal an anti-phage bacterial defense system balancing viral protection and autoimmunity. Long-read genome sequencing unveils vast microbial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems, enhancing ecological and evolutionary knowledge. These studies collectively deepen comprehension of microbial pathogenesis and symbiotic immune mechanisms.