Mayo Clinic researchers reported a targeted gene‑delivery platform that uses milk‑derived nanoparticles to deliver precision therapeutics to cholangiocarcinoma tumors. The preclinical study showed tumor‑selective delivery and therapeutic activity in models of this aggressive bile duct cancer, a disease with limited systemic treatment options. The team described the particles’ biocompatibility and tumor tropism and suggested the platform could be adapted for other hepatic or biliary malignancies. Lipid‑ or nanoparticle‑based gene delivery here refers to engineered biological carriers that transport nucleic acids into tumor cells for local expression of therapeutic payloads.