Recent data from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer highlight mixed outcomes for emerging lung cancer therapies. Summit Therapeutics’ PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody ivonescimab improved progression-free survival in the Phase III Harmoni trial but failed to significantly extend overall survival, casting doubt on FDA approval prospects. Conversely, Merck and Daiichi Sankyo’s antibody-drug conjugate ifinatamab deruxtecan showed a 48.2% objective response rate in previously treated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients. BioNTech and Bristol Myers Squibb announced promising Phase II results for pumitamig, a dual PD-1 and VEGF inhibitor, with tumor shrinkage in 76% of small cell lung cancer patients, supporting ongoing Phase III trials. These findings underscore the challenges and promise within lung cancer treatment development.