Recent breakthroughs target small cell lung cancer origins through basal stem-like cells as revealed by Duke University, overturning previous assumptions about neuroendocrine cell origins. Novel digital cell twin technology developed at Graz University enhances lung cancer research. In neonatal care, studies highlight predictive value of lung ultrasound and heart index for preterm infants, while therapeutic hypothermia presents pros and cons in late preterm neonates. These findings deepen mechanistic understandings and may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.