New studies uncover fundamental mechanisms shaping lifespan, neurodevelopment, and neurodegeneration. Baboon research shows father-daughter bonds increase female lifespan. A UCL study finds newborns process pain through staggered brain network development. Single-cell analyses reveal molecular pathways involved in PTSD and depression in the human prefrontal cortex. Research highlights neuron-to-glia signaling via heat shock proteins as a regulator of brain aging. These findings deepen the understanding of neuroimmune interactions, developmental trajectories, and aging processes with implications for neurological health and disease treatments.