Researchers studying people living with HIV who switched to long‑acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine identified notable monocyte phenotype shifts and altered innate immune signaling after transition from daily oral therapy. The analysis, led by investigators exploring injectable regimens’ immunologic effects, reports changes in monocyte activation markers and inflammatory mediators that could influence residual inflammation and long‑term immune recovery. The findings add mechanistic data to clinical discussions about monthly or bimonthly injectables and underscore the need to monitor innate immune responses as regimens move into broader use.