Researchers published a binary self‑amplifying expression platform in Nature Communications that produces vaccines and nanomedicines without lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The platform generates scalable antigen expression and could reduce reliance on LNP‑based delivery, which has been central to mRNA vaccine deployment. The team said the lipid‑free approach may lower reactogenicity and simplify supply chains; further work is needed to validate clinical safety and delivery efficiency. Source: Nature Communications paper (2025). One sentence context: LNPs are lipid carriers used to protect and deliver nucleic acid payloads into cells.