Final results from the Phase 3 IMpower030 trial showed that adding atezolizumab to platinum chemotherapy before and after surgery more than doubled event-free survival in patients with resectable stage II to IIIB non-small cell lung cancer. The median event-free survival improvement and longer disease control compared with chemotherapy alone position perioperative immunotherapy as a more established strategy in early-stage NSCLC. In diagnostics, a study in the British Journal of Cancer explored PET imaging to confirm whether immune checkpoint inhibitors reach and engage tumor targets, aiming to address the practical gap that most patients do not respond and clinicians lack an in-study way to predict benefit. The pairing of perioperative immunotherapy efficacy data with target-reaching imaging underscores a broader push toward measurable treatment biology beyond response rates alone.