Chiba University researchers published preclinical data in Science Translational Medicine on a cationic nanogel‑based intranasal vaccine targeting HPV16 E7 oncoprotein. The cCHP‑E7 + c‑di‑AMP formulation induced robust mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in cervicovaginal tissue, slowed tumor growth in mice, and elicited sustained E7‑specific cytotoxic T cells in macaques up to four months after dosing. The vaccine leverages positively charged cholesteryl‑group nanogels to adhere to the nasal mucosa and deliver antigen plus a cyclic dinucleotide adjuvant, aiming to generate local mucosal immunity against established HPV lesions. Animal data support both therapeutic activity and a human‑compatible nasal spray administration device. Investigators position the approach as a potential non‑surgical option for HPV‑driven cervical neoplasia pending clinical translation; they note further work is needed on dosing, safety, and efficacy in humans.