Recent clinical advancements include the validation of novel biomarkers and therapeutic combinations in oncological and neurological diseases. Atezolizumab with bevacizumab combination shows safety and efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in Indian centers. Early phase studies demonstrate the potential of IL-12 expressing oncolytic virus for solid tumors and vaccination therapies that improve glioblastoma outcomes. MRI assessment techniques advance Parkinson’s disease characterization. These breakthroughs signal progress in both diagnostics and therapeutic modalities.