Breakthroughs in vaccine research target emerging and persistent infectious threats. A multivalent mRNA vaccine has shown protective efficacy against monkeypox in murine models, expanding preventive options for zoonotic viruses. Simultaneously, a computational design approach advances vaccine development for Trichomonas vaginalis, a leading non-viral STI. Efforts toward a universal coronavirus vaccine gain traction through identification of conserved T-cell targets, leveraging broad immune recognition. Meanwhile, novel vaccination against Acinetobacter baumannii addresses multidrug-resistant catheter infections, opening avenues to combat hospital-acquired pathogens.