Orbital Therapeutics’ next-generation circular RNA technology advances in vivo CAR-T cell therapy development, potentially offering improved delivery and gene expression profiles. Concurrently, SML Biopharm explores mRNA-based vaccines targeting human papillomavirus-associated cancers. Gene editing applications extend to rare neurodevelopmental disorders with prime editing correcting ATP1A3 mutations in vivo. The RNA field is further invigorated by new findings on transfer RNA-derived small RNAs influencing colorectal cancer immune escape and machine learning-assisted antibody design accelerating candidate generation. Such advances position RNA therapeutics at the frontier of personalized medicine and oncology.