Radiation oncology is witnessing technological advances improving cancer treatment efficacy and patient quality of life. A decade-long trial reveals that stereotactic radiation therapy matches surgery outcomes for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, offering a non-invasive alternative. NRG Oncology’s studies demonstrate benefits of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and twice-daily radiation for lung cancer, improving survival and quality of life. Simultaneously, combining lenvatinib with radiotherapy shows superior tumor control over chemoembolization in liver cancer. These findings signify pivotal progress in optimizing radiation regimens to enhance therapeutic index in oncology.