Technological breakthroughs are transforming medical imaging and diagnostics. Enhanced MRI techniques improve radiotherapy planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, while deep learning models accurately analyze gastric and prostate cancer images, including precise 1p/19q status prediction. Novel breath tests offer non-invasive colorectal cancer detection. Optical innovations include chip-based super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence with gated cameras. These advances promise improved clinical outcomes and personalized treatment strategies.