Forensic and postmortem research has seen advancements in molecular and imaging technologies improving cause-of-death assessments and time of death estimates. Novel multiplex assays enable simultaneous detection of HIV-1, HBV, and human STRs, enhancing forensic diagnostics. Studies in gene expression and metabolomics provide new biomarkers to refine postmortem interval estimations. Additionally, optimized imaging techniques elucidate injury patterns in pediatric abuse cases and traumatic brain injuries, advancing forensic accuracy and pediatric pathology understanding.