Breakthroughs in materials science have advanced flexible and wearable electronics with robust, high-performance organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) via electropolymerized PEDOT. Researchers also introduced a fully biodegradable tungsten-PBAT conductive fiber for scalable, eco-friendly applications. A novel underwater mechanical adhesive system (MUSAS) was developed for stable attachment to soft, dynamic substrates, enhancing biomedical and environmental device functionality. These innovations address critical demands for durability, sustainability, and adaptability in emerging electronic technologies.