Recent studies report significant advancements in lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery technologies. Novel cathode materials such as Nb-doped lithium-rich oxides and Ti-doped tungsten trioxide thin films improve capacity and environmental adaptability. Co-doping of cathode materials with tin and graphene derivatives enhances battery performance and stability. Additionally, innovative state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation methodologies, including AI-driven Mamba models and Arctic Puffin optimization, offer improved predictive accuracy for lithium-ion battery lifespan and fault detection. These developments promise to elevate energy storage efficiency critical for portable electronics and electric vehicles.