Agricultural research highlights sustainable and biotechnological advances with potential to reshape food production. Studies reveal the evolution from single-strain biofertilizers to complex synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) enhancing soil health and crop yields. New findings also include ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis boosting sugarcane genetic diversity, and lemongrass oil loaded into γ-cyclodextrin complexes improving mango preservation. Further research explores soil bioremediation techniques targeting heavy metal contamination, critical for food safety and ecosystem health.