Two teams published complementary advances engineering inhalable exosome platforms that deliver bispecific T‑cell activators to resistant tumors. Reports in Nature Biotechnology show inhalable, bispecific exosomes can target pembrolizumab‑resistant metastatic melanoma and stimulate dual activation signals in the tumor microenvironment, offering a local, non‑depleting immune‑engagement strategy. The approach combines exosome tropism, bispecific binding to tumor and T‑cell targets, and inhaled delivery to concentrate activity in lung lesions or metastatic deposits. Authors highlight potential to overcome checkpoint inhibitor resistance without systemic cytokine exposure, while noting the path to clinical testing will require scaled manufacturing, inhalation toxicology, and rigorous safety assessment.